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Plants of the Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden

Common
Name

Scientific
Name

Plant
Family

Garden
Location

Prime
Season

Wild Blue Phlox
Phlox divaricata L.
Phlox (Polemoniaceae)
Upland (Fern Grove), Woodland
Spring to Early Summer
Other names and notes

(Blue Phlox, Forest Phlox, Woodland Phlox). A delicate perennial phantom of the semi-open woods, the erect stems can be from 1 to 1-1/2 feet high, unbranched and finely hairy. Leaves: Each stem has only a few opposite lance shaped leaves that have fine hair, smooth margins with fine hair and are stalkless, clasping to the stem with flat bases. Stems that do not flower have leaves that are smaller with rounded tips. Flowers: The inflorescence is a loosely branched cluster (a cyme) at the top of the stem. These clusters have glandular hair. The flowers range from light blue to purple, are about 1" across with the 5 flattened lobes joined at their bases to form a tube as long as the flower lobes are wide. The lobes are not notched. The 5 stamens and pistil are inside the tube and do not protrude. Fruit: The mature flowers form an ovoid seed capsule containing several small brown seeds.

Habitat: Wild Blue Phlox grows from fine fibrous roots in moist woods, best with dappled sun. They die back by mid-summer after setting seed. Infertile shoots will remain green longer. The species name, divaricata, is Latin, meaning "spreading". The accepted full species name considered native to Minnesota is Phlox divaricata (L) var. laphamii (A.W. Wood) Wherry.

Wild Blue Phlox
Wild blue Phlox
Wild Blue Phlox
These plants were in bloom in mid-May in the Fern Grove. The flower cluster as shown below, can be quite large. Note the glandular hair on the flower stalks, the flat spread of the flower lobes and the length of the flower tubes.
 
Wild Blue Phlox
 
Notes: Wild Blue Phlox is not indigenous to the Garden area. Eloise Butler obtained plants for the Garden numerous times, first in 1907 from the Government Reservation (Ft. Snelling area), again in 1908 and 1911 from a source in Minnetonka MN; on April 11, 1912 and April 18, 1913 from Groveland Park, Minneapolis. This plant was listed on Martha Crone's 1951 inventory of plants in the Garden at that time. Gardener Cary George added plantings in 1987. Plants are found in the Woodland Garden and in the Fern Grove of the Upland Garden. It is native to most counties in the southern half of Minnesota except the far SW. Not known north of Morrison and Pine counties. In North America it is found from the central plains eastward in the U.S. and in Canada it is found in Ontario and Quebec.  
 

 
References: Plant characteristics are generally from sources 15, 16, 30, 31, 33, W2 & W3. Distribution principally from W2 and also 31, 34 and W1. Planting history generally from 1, 4 & 4a. Other sources by specific reference. See Reference List for details.  
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