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Plants of the Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden

Common
Name

Scientific
Name

Plant
Family

Garden
Location

Prime
Season

Oxeye Daisy

Leucanthemum vulgare Lam.

(Previous - Chrysanthemum leucanthemum)

Aster (Composite)
Upland
Early to Late Summer
Other names and notes
(Marguerite). A single white flower, 1 to 2 inches wide, with 15-30 rays, blooms at any one time while other buds are developing, on a 1 to 2 foot stem bearing several alternate coarsely toothed leaves. Lower leaves near the root are on long stalks, those on the stem are stalkless. Under each flower head is a ring of green sheathing bracts which support the head and deter insects from getting to the nectar. The rest of the plant contains an acrid juice which insects do not like and browsing animals avoid either in the field or in fodder. This is why some have called the plant the bane of the hay fields. It blooms all summer, but more prolifically in June. A common plant of meadows and fields and of many home gardens whether planted there purposely on not. It spreads not only by seed, but by creeping rhizomes and if you have ever had it in your lawn you know that by cutting it, it keeps coming back. The genus name Leucanthemum is from the Greek leukos, meaning "white," and anthemon, meaning "flower," and hence resembling the Ox's eye. The species name means "common". This plant in previous times was called “Marguerite”, the old French name for the flower. “Marguerite,” is from the petal pulling game "He loves me, he loves me not" ('effeuiller la marguerite' in the French)
Oxeye Daisy
Oxeye leaf
Oxeye Daisy
 
 

Notes: This plant must have been a favorite of Eloise Butler as her records show that she planted seeds of this species on July 15, 1919 and that she obtained plants of this species on June 13, 1923 from "Mr. Babcock's yard." (She lodged with the Babcocks during the Garden season.) She also obtained plants on August 31, 1925 from a "Ms. Johnson's Garden" in Hastings, MN and again on June 16, 1927. Naturalized from European descent, it is found mostly in Minnesota in counties that are east of a diagonal line running SE to NW.

Noxious: Another claim to fame is that it is considered in Minnesota as an invasive plant and is on the "Secondary Noxious Weed" list. A number of other states also list is as such. The plant is not considered a threat to intact prairies and savannas. However, when it enters a disturbed site it will compete with native plants. It has naturalized all across the United States.

Lore: There is literature on the plants medicinal qualities going back to ancient times, and is said to have properties similar to Chamomile. Mrs. Grieve (Ref. #7) quotes from Gerard: "Dioscorides saith that the floures of Oxeie made up in a seare clothe doe asswage and washe away cold hard swellings, and it is reported that if they be drunke by and by after bathing, they make them in a short time well-coloured that have been troubled with the yellow jaundice."

Poem: Dora Read Goodale (1866 - 1915) wrote a wonderful poem about this plant titled "Daisies" READ

 
 

 
References: Plant characteristics are generally from sources 15, 16, 30, 31, 33, W2 & W3. Distribution principally from W2 and also 31, 34 and W1. Planting history generally from 1, 4 & 4a. Other sources by specific reference. See Reference List for details.  
©2008-2012 Friends of the Wild Flower Garden, Inc. All photos are the property of The Friends of the Wild Flower Garden unless otherwise credited. "www.friendsofthewildflowergarden.org" 062011