Site Plan and ArchiveFriends of the Wild Flower Garden |
A sampling of plants of the Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden, both present and historic, and with a few outsiders added in.
- Index
- Educational Articles
- Eloise Butler
- Friend's History
- Friends President's Letters
- Garden Birding
- Garden Curator's Notes
- Garden Environment
- Garden History
- Garden Information - General and Seasonal
- Garden Plants - By Common Name
- Garden Plants - By Scientific Name
- Newsletter archive
- Posting History
- Reflections on the Garden
- Home Page
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Clicking the web-link on the scientific name gives a page of photos and plant information in a separate window. Plants without links to an info page will have a thumbnail photo in the thumbnail pages listed at right. |
Pages for thumbnail photos only (by common name): |
| Botanical classification: Over the last several years Botanists have reclassified many plants from previous classifications. In some cases consolidating species and varieties and in some cases reclassifying to a different genus. We use the USDA Plants Database which in early 2010 completed a major update of these botanical classifications; The Comprehensively Annotated Checklist of the Flora of Minnesota, version 2011 from the University of MN and the 2009 Garden Census. Reference books in print will not reflect these recent updates until revised editions are published. While many plants may be known by a previous botanical name and, in many cases by a variety of common names, we have updated the listings on this website to the newest nomenclature. Note: While we have tried to be as accurate as possible in the information given, there may be unintended errors. Please advise us if you suspect the information is not accurate. | |
| Historical (once present) and other Minnesota plants not in the Garden are so noted. | |
| Scientific Name | Common Name |
| Acer negundo L. | Box Elder |
| Acer pensylvanicum L. | Striped Maple |
| Acer platanoides L. | Norway Maple |
| Acer rubrum L. | Red Maple |
| Acer saccharinum L. | Silver Maple |
| Acer saccharum Marshall | Sugar Maple |
| Acer spicatum Lam. | Mountain Maple |
| Achillea millefolium L. | Yarrow |
| Actaea racemosa L. var. racemosa | Black Bugbane |
| Actaea pachypoda Elliot | White Baneberry |
| Actaea rubra Willd. | Red Baneberry - red berry form |
| Actaea rubra Willd. | Red Baneberry - white berry form |
| Adiantum pedatum L. | Northern Maidenhair Fern |
| Aesculus glabra Willd. | Ohio Buckeye (American Horsechestnut) |
| Aethusa cynapium L. | Fool's Parsley - Not a Garden plant |
| Agastache foeniculum (Pursh) Kuntze | Blue Giant Hyssop (Giant Hyssop, Anise or Fragrant Giant Hyssop) |
| Agastache scrophulariifolia (Willd.) Kuntze. | Purple Giant Hyssop |
| Ageratina altissima L. | White Snakeroot |
| Agrimonia pubescens Wallr. | Agrimony (Soft Agrimony) |
| Agrostis gigantea Roth | Red-top Grass |
| Alisma triviale Pursh [Alisma plantago-aquatica L.] | Northern Water Plantain |
| Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande | Garlic Mustard |
| Allium canadense L. | Wild Garlic |
| Allium cernuum Roth. | Nodding Wild Onion |
| Allium stellatum Fraser ex Ker Gawl. | Wild Onion (Autumn Onion) |
| Allium tricoccum Sol. | Wild Leek (Ramp) |
| Alnus incana (L.) Moench subsp. rugosa | Speckled Alder |
| Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. | Ragweed - Common |
| Ambrosia trifida L. var. trifida (not in the Garden) | Giant Ragweed |
| Amelanchier alnifolia (Nutt.) Nutt. ex Roemer | Saskatoon Service-berry |
| Amelanchier arborea (F. Michx.) Fernald | Downy Serviceberry (Downy Juneberry) |
| Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fernald. | Hog Peanut |
| Amorpha canescens Pursh | Leadplant |
| Amsonia tabernaemontana Walt. | Eastern Bluestar (Willow Amsonia) |
| Andropogon gerardii Vitman | Big Bluestem |
| Anemone canadensis L. | Canada Anemone |
| Anemone cylindrica L. | Thimbleweed |
| Anemone patens L. var. multifida Pritz. | Pasque Flower - Historical, not extant |
| Anemone quinquefolia L. | Wood Anemone |
| Anemone virginiana L. | Tall Thimbleweed |
| Anemonella thalictroides - see Thalictrum thalictroides L. | Rue-anemone |
| Antennaria neglecta Greene | Field Pussytoes |
| Apios americana Medik. | Groundnut (Wild Bean) |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium L. | Spreading Dogbane (Common Dogbane) |
| Arenaria lateriflora see - Moehringia lateriflora (L.) | Blunt-leaf Sandwort |
| Apocynum cannabinum L. | Prairie Dogbane (Indianhemp) |
| Aquilegia canadensis L. | Wild Columbine (Red Columbine) |
| Arabis laevigata (Muhl. ex Willd.) | Smooth Rockcress |
| Aralia nudicaulis L. | Wild Sarsaparilla |
| Arctium minus Bernh. | Lesser (Common) Burdock |
| Arctium lappa L. | Great Burdock |
| Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott | Jack-in-the-pulpit |
| Arnoglossum atriplicifolium (L.) H. Rob. | Pale Indian Plantain |
| Arnoglossum reniforme (Hook.) H. Rob. | Great Indian Plantain |
| Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. | White Sagebrush (Prairie Sage, Western Mugwort) |
| Asarum canadense L. | Canadian Wild Ginger |
| Asclepias exaltata L. | Poke Milkweed |
| Asclepias incarnata L. | Swamp Milkweed |
| Asclepias syriaca L. | Common Milkweed |
| Asclepias tuberosa L. | Butterfly Milkweed |
| Asclepias verticillata L. | Whorled Milkweed |
| Asparagus officinalis L. | Asparagus |
| Aster azureus see Symphyotrichum oolentangiense | Sky Blue Aster (Azure Aster) |
| Aster cordifolius -see- Symphyotrichum cordifolium L. | Heart-leaved Aster (Common Blue Wood Aster) |
| Aster divaricatus see- Eurybia divaricata | White Wood Aster |
| Aster ericoides see -Symphyotrichum ericoides L. | White Heath Aster (Many-flowered Aster) |
| Aster laevis see - Symphyotrichum laeve L. | Smooth Blue Aster |
| Aster lateriflorus see Symphyotrichum lateriflorum L. | Side Flowering Aster (Calico Aster) |
| Aster macrophyllus -see- Eurybia macrophylla L. | Bigleaf Aster (Large-leaved Aster) |
| Aster multiflorus -see- Symphyotrichum ericoides L. | White Heath Aster (Many-flowered Aster) |
| Aster novae-angliae see - Symphyotrichum novae-angliae L. | New England Aster |
| Aster oblongifolius -see- Symphyotrichum oblongifolium (Nutt.) | Aromatic Aster - Historical, not extant |
| Aster ontarionis -see- Symphyotrichum ontarionis | Ontario Aster |
| Aster paniculatus -see- Symphyotrichum lanceolatum | White Panicle Aster |
| Aster puniceus see - Symphyotrichum puniceum L. | Redstem Aster |
| Aster sagittifolius see Symphyotrichum urophyllum | White Arrowleaf Aster (Arrow leaved Aster) |
| Aster sericeus -see- Symphyotrichum sericeum | Silky Aster (Western Silver Aster) |
| Aster simplex see - Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willd.) | White Panicle Aster |
| Aster umbellatus see- Doellingeria umbellata (Mill.) | Flat-topped Aster |
| Astragalus canadensis L. | Canadian Milk Vetch |
| Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth | Lady Fern |
| Athyrium thelypterioides - see Deparia acrostichoides (SW.) M. Kato | |
| Baptisia australis (L.) R. Br. | False Blue Indigo (Blue Wild Indigo) |
| Baptisia alba (L) Vent. var. macrophylla | White False Indigo (Wild White Indigo) |
| Baptisia bracteata Muhl. ex Elliot | Plains Wild Indigo (Cream Wild Indigo) |
| Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. | Blackberry Lily |
| Betula alleghaniensis Britton | Yellow Birch |
| Betula nigra L. | River Birch |
| Betula papyrifera Marshall | Paper Birch |
| Bidens cernua L. | Nodding Bur Marigold (Beggar-ticks) |
| Bidens connata Muhl. ex Willd. | Swamp Beggartick (Purple-stem Beggartick) |
| Bidens frondosa L. | Devil's Beggartick |
| Blephilia cilata (L.) Benth. | Downy Wood Mint |
| Blephilia hirsuta (Pursh) Benth. | Hairy Wood Mint (Hoary Wood Mint) |
| Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. | Sideoats Grama (grass) |
| Bromus inermis Leyss. | Smooth Brome (grass) |
| Bromus latiglumis (Shear) Hitchc. | Earlyleaf Brome (grass) |
| Bromus pubescens L. | Hairy Woodland Brome (grass) |
| Cacalia atriplicifolia & Cacalia muhlenbergii -see: Arnoglossum reniforme | Pale & Great Indian Plantain |
| Calla palustris L. | Wild Calla (Water Arum) |
| Caltha palustris L. | Marsh Marigold (Cowslip, Yellow Marsh Marigold) |
| Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. | Hedge Bindweed |
| Campanulastrum americanum (L.) Small | Tall Bellflower (American Bellflower) |
| Campanula aparinoides Pursh | Marsh Bellflower - Historic, not extant |
| Campanula glomerata L. | Clustered Bellflower (Dane's Blood) |
| Campanula rapunculoides L. | European Bellflower (Rampion Bellflower) |
| Campanula rotundifolia L. | Harebell |
| Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Alph. Wood | Two-leaved toothwort (Crinkleroot) |
| Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Small | Cut-leaved Toothwort |
| Cardamine pensylvanica Lam. | Bittercress (Pennsylvania Bitter Cress) |
| Carex pensylvanica Lam. | Yellow Sedge (Pennsylvania Sedge) |
| Carpinus caroliniana Walter ssp. virginiana | Musclewood (Blue Beech) |
| Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K.Koch | Bitternut Hickory |
| Carya ovata (Mill.) K.Koch | Shagbark Hickory |
| Cassia fasciculata (see- Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.)) | Partridge Pea |
| Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx. | Blue Cohosh |
| Ceanothus americanus L. | New Jersey Tea |
| Celastrus scandens L. | Climbing Bittersweet (American Bittersweet) |
| Centaurea biebersteinii L. | Spotted Knapweed |
| Cephalanthus occidentalis L. | Buttonbush |
| Cerastium fontanum emend Jalas ssp. vulgare | Mouse-ear Chickweed |
| Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene | Partridge Pea |
| Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub | Fireweed |
| Chelone glabra L. | Turtlehead (White turtlehead) |
| Chelone obliqua L. | Red Turtlehead |
| Chrysanthemum leucanthemum - see- Leucanthemum vulgare Lam | Oxeye Daisy |
| Cichorium intybus L. | Chicory |
| Cicuta bulbifera L. | Bulblet Water Hemlock - Not a Garden plant |
| Cicuta maculata L. | Water Hemlock - Historical, not extant |
| Cimicifuga racemosa see Actaea racemosa L. | Black Bugbane (Bugbane, Black Cohosh) |
| Circaea lutetiana ssp. canadensis (L.) Asch. & Magnus | Enchanter's Nightshade (Broadleaf Enchanter's Nightshade) |
| Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. | Canada Thistle |
| Cirsium discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng. | Field Thistle |
| Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. | Bull Thistle (not in Garden) |
| Cirsium - Comparison sheet - all MN Thistles | |
| Cladrastis kentukea (Dum. Cours.) Rudd | Yellowwood |
| Claytonia virginica L. | Virginia Spring Beauty - Historical, not extant |
| Clematis virginiana L. | Virgin's Bower |
| Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. | Bastard Toadflax |
| Comptonia peregrina (L.) J.M. Coult | Sweet Fern |
| Convolvulus arvensis L. | Field Bindweed - Historical, not extant |
| Convolvulus sepium see - Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. ssp. angulata Brummitt | Hedge Bindweed (Wild Morning Glory) |
| Coreopsis palmata Nutt. | Stiff Coreopsis (Bird's Foot Coreopsis) |
| Cornus alternifolia L. f. | Pagoda Dogwood (Alternate-leaf Dogwood) |
| Cornus obliqua Raf. | Pale Dogwood (Silky Dogwood) |
| Cornus racemosa Lam. | Gray Dogwood |
| Cornus sericea L. | Red Osier Dogwood |
| Corydalis sempervirens (L.) Pers. | Pale Corydalis (historical Garden plant - not extant) |
| Corydalis solida (L.) Clairv. | Fumewort (Spring Fumewort) |
| Corylus americana Walter | American Hazelnut |
| Corylus cornuta Marshall subsp. cornuta | Beaked Hazelnut - Historical, not extant |
| Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe | Hawthorn (Red Hawthorn) |
| Crepis tectorum L. | Narrowleaf Hawksbeard |
| Cuscuta gronovii Willd. ex. Schult | Dodder - Common |
| Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. makasin | Yellow Lady's-slipper (Lesser) (not extant) |
| Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. pubescens (Willd.) Knight | Yellow Lady's-slipper (Greater) |
| Cypripedium reginae Walter | Showy Lady's-slipper |
| Dalea candida Michx. ex Willd | White Prairie Clover |
| Dalea purpurea Vent. | Purple Prairie Clover |
| Dentaria diphylla- see Cardamine diphylla | Two-leaved Toothwort |
| Dentaria laciniata see - Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) | Cut-leaved Toothwort |
| Deparia acrostichoides (SW.) M. Kato | Silvery False Spleenwort |
| Desmodium canadense (L.) DC. | Showy Tick-trefoil (Canada Tick-trefoil) |
| Desmodium glutinosum (Muhl. ex Willd.) | Pointed-leaved Tick-trefoil |
| Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh. | Dutchman's Breeches |
| Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A. Clark var. fasciculatum (Torr.) Freckmann | Western Panicgrass |
Dichanthelium oligosanthes (Schult.) Gould var. scribnerianum (Nash) Gould |
Panicgrass (Scribner's Panicgrass) |
| Diervilla lonicera Mill. | Northern Bush Honeysuckle |
| Digitalis lanata Ehrh. | Grecian Foxglove |
| Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. | Crabgrass (Hairy Crabgrass) |
| Dioscorea villosa L. | Wild Yamroot |
| Dirca palustris L. | Eastern Leatherwood |
| Dodecatheon meadia L. ssp. meadia | Shooting Star (Pride of Ohio) |
| Dodecatheon pulchellum ssp. pulchellum | Darkthroat Shooting Star |
| Doellingeria umbellata (Mill.) var. pubens | Flat-topped Aster |
| Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H.P.Fuchs | Spinulose Wood Fern |
| Dryopteris cristata (L.) A.Gray | Crested Wood Fern |
| Dryopteris goldiana (Hook. ex Goldie) A.Gray | Goldie's Fern |
| Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. | Pale Purple Coneflower |
| Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench | Eastern Purple Coneflower |
| Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. & A. Gray | Wild Cucumber (not extant) |
| Elymus canadensis L. | Canada Wild-rye |
| Elymus hystrix L. var. hystrix | Eastern Bottlebrush Grass |
| Elymus repens (L.) Gould | Quackgrass |
| Elymus sp. | Wild Rye |
| Enemion biternatum Raf. | False Rue Anemone (Eastern False Rue Anemone) |
| Epilobium angustifolium see Chamerion angustifolium L. | Fireweed |
| Epilobium ciliatum Raf. ssp. glandulosum (Lehm.) - See Epilobium coloratum | Northern Willowherb (American Willowherb) |
| Epilobium coloratum Biehler | Willowherb |
| Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz | Helleborine (Broad-leaved Helleborine) |
| Equisetum fluviatile L. | Water Horsetail |
| Erechtites hieracifolia E.h (L.) Raf ex DC | Burnweed |
| Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. | Eastern Daisy Fleabane |
| Erigeron philadelphicus L. | Philadelphia Fleabane (Common Fleabane) |
| Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. | Lesser Daisy Fleabane (Prairie Fleabane) |
| Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. | Rattlesnake-master |
| Erythronium albidum Nutt. | White Trout Lily (White Fawn Lily) |
| Erythronium americanum Ker Gawl. | Yellow Trout Lily (Dogtooth Violet) |
| Erythronium propullans A. Gray | Minnesota Dwarf Trout Lily |
| Euonymus atropurpurea Jacq. var. atropurpurea | Eastern Wahoo |
| Euonymus obovata Nutt. | Running Strawberry Bush |
| Eupatoriadelphus maculatus (L.) King & H. Rob. (old- Eupatorium maculatum) | Spotted Joe-Pye Weed |
| Eupatorium purpureum L. | Sweet Scented Joe-Pye Weed |
| Eupatorium perfoliatum L. | Boneset |
| Eupatorium rugosum see Ageratina altissima L. | White Snakeroot |
| Euphorbia corollata L. | Flowering Spurge |
| Euphorbia cyathophora Murray | Wild Poinsettia |
| Euphorbia esula L. | Leafy Spurge |
| Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. var. graminifolia. | Grass-leaved Goldenrod |
| Eurybia divaricata (L.) G. L. Nesom | White Wood Aster |
| Eurybia macrophylla (L.) Cass. | Bigleaf Aster (Large-leaved Aster) |
| Filipendula rubra (Hill) | Queen of the Prairie |
| Filipendula ulmaria(L.) Maxim. | Queen of the Meadow |
| Fragaria vesca L. | Woodland Strawberry |
| Fragaria virginiana Duchesne | Common Strawberry (Virginia Strawberry) |
| Frangula alnus Mill. [Rhamnus frangula L.] | Glossy Buckthorn |
| Fraxinus americana L. | White Ash |
| Fraxinus nigra Marshall | Black Ash |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall | Green Ash |
| Galax urceolata (Poir.) Brummitt | Galax (Beetleweed) |
| Galium aparine L. | Cleavers (Stickywilly) |
| Galium asprellum Michx. | Rough Bedstraw |
| Galium boreale L. | Northern Bedstraw |
| Galium concinnum Torr. & A. Gray | Shining Bedstraw |
| Galium trifidum L. | Threepetal Bedstraw |
| Galium triflorum Michx. | Fragrant Bedstraw (Sweet-scented Bedstraw) |
| Gaultheria procumbens L. | Wintergreen (Eastern Teaberry) |
| Gentiana alba Muhl. ex Nutt | Plain Gentian, (Cream, Yellow, Pale Gentian) |
| Gentiana clausa Raf. and Gentiana andrewsii Griseb. | Bottle Gentian (Closed Gentian) |
| Gentiana puberulenta J. S. Pringle | Downy Gentian |
| Geranium maculatum L. | Wild Geranium (Spotted Geranium) |
| Geum canadense Jacq. | White Avens |
| Geum triflorum Pursh | Prairie Smoke (Old Man's Whiskers) |
| Glechoma hederacea L. | Creeping Charlie (Ground Ivy) |
| Glyceria grandis S. Watson | American Mannagrass |
| Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc. | Fowl Mannagrass |
| Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal | Curlycup Gumweed - Historical, not extant |
| Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch | Kentucky Coffeetree |
| Hackelia virginiana (L.) I. M. Johnst. | Virginia Stickseed (Beggar's Lice) |
| Hamamelis virginiana L. | Witch Hazel |
| Helenium autumnale L. | Sneezeweed - Historical, not extant |
| Helianthus divaricatus L. | Woodland Sunflower (Delicate Sunflower) |
| Helianthus hirsutus Raf. | Stiff-haired Sunflower (Hairy Sunflower) |
| Helianthus strumosus L. | Paleleaf Woodland Sunflower |
| Helianthus tuberosus L. | Jerusalem Artichoke |
| Helictotrichon sempervirens (Vill.) Pilg. | Blue Oatgrass |
| Heliopsis helianthoides (L) Sweet | Smooth Oxeye (Yellow Oxeye) |
| Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus L. | Yellow Day Lily |
| Hemerocallis fulva L. | Orange Day Lily |
| Hepatica nobilis Schreb. var. acuta (Pursh) Steyerm. | Sharp-lobed Hepatica |
| Hepatica nobilis Schreb. var. obtusa (Pursh) Steyerm. | Round-lobed Hepatica |
| Heracleum maximum Bartram | Cow Parsnip |
| Hesperis matronalis L. | Dame's Rocket (Sweet Rocket) (Dame's Violet) |
| Hesperostipa spartea (Trin.) Barkworth | Porcupine Grass |
| Heuchera americana L. | American Alumroot |
| Hieracium aurantiacum L. | Orange Hawkweed |
| Hieracium canadense var. canadense Michx. | Canadian Hawkweed (Yellow Hawkweed) |
| Hydrastis canadensis L. | Goldenseal |
| Hydrophyllum virginianum L. | Virginia Waterleaf (Eastern Waterleaf) |
| Hylotelephium telephium (L.) H. Ohba. | Live Forever (Witch's Moneybags) |
| Hypericum ascyron L. | Great St. Johnswort |
| Hypericum perforatum L. | Common St. Johnswort |
| Ilex verticillata (L.) A. Gray | Winterberry (Black Alder) |
| Impatiens capensis Meerb. (I. biflora) | Spotted Touch-me-not (Jewelweed) |
| Impatiens pallida Nutt. | Pale Touch-me-not (Pale Jewelweed) |
| Iris pseudacorus L. | Yellow Flag Iris (Pale Yellow Iris) |
| Iris versicolor L. | Blue Flag Iris |
| Isopyrum biternatum see Enemion biternatum Raf. | False Rue Anemone |
| Jeffersonia diphylla (L.) Pers. | Twinleaf |
| Juglans cinerea L. | Butternut |
| Juglans nigra L. | Black Walnut |
| Juniperus virginiana L. | Eastern Red Cedar |
| Kalmia latifolia L. | Mountain Laurel |
| Lactuca canadensis L. | Wild Lettuce |
| Lactuca serriola L. | Prickly Lettuce |
| Laportea canadensis (L.) Weddell | Wood Nettle (Canadian Wood Nettle) |
| Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch | Tamarack (Larch) |
| Lathyrus venosus Muhl. ex Willd. | Veiny Pea, (Wild Pea), (Veiny Vetchling) |
| Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw. | Rice Cutgrass |
| Leersia virginica Willd. | Cutgrass (Whitegrass) |
| Lemna minor L. | Lesser Duckweed |
| Leonurus cardiaca L. | Motherwort |
| Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. | Pepper Grass |
| Lespedeza capitata Michx. | Round-headed Bushclover |
| Leucanthemum vulgare Lam | Oxeye Daisy |
| Liatris aspera Michx. | Rough Blazing Star |
| Liatris cylindracea Michx. | Ontario Blazing Star (Cylindrical Blazing Star) |
| Liatris ligulistylis (A. Nels) K. Schum. | Large-headed Blazing Star (Rocky Mountain Blazing Star) |
| Liatris pilosa var pilosa (Aiton) Willd. | Shaggy Blazing Star |
| Liatris pycnostachya Michx. | Prairie Blazing Star |
| Liatris scariosa (L.) Willd. var. novae-angliae Lunell | Northern Blazing Star (New England Blazing Star) |
| Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. | Dense Blazing Star |
| Lilium canadense L. | Canada Lily (Meadow Lily) (Wild Yellow Lily) |
| Lilium superbum L. and Lilium michiganense L. | Turk's-cap Lily |
| Linaria vulgaris Mill. | Butter and Eggs |
| Lobelia cardinalis L. | Cardinal Flower |
| Lobelia siphilitica L. | Great Blue Lobelia (Blue Cardinal Flower) |
| Lonicera dioica L. | Climbing Honeysuckle (Limber Honeysuckle) |
| Lonicera tatarica L. | Tatarian Honeysuckle |
| Lupinus perennis L. | Wild Lupine |
| Lychnis alba - see Silene latifolia Poir. | White Campion |
| Lychnis chalcedonica L. | Maltese Cross (Scarlet Lychnis). Historical Garden Plant - not extant |
| Lycopus americanus Muhl. ex W.P.C. Barton | Water Horehound |
| Lycopus uniflorus Michx. | Northern Bugleweed |
| Lysimachia ciliata L. | Fringed Loosestrife |
| Lysimachia nummularia L. | Moneywort (Creeping Jenny) |
| Lysimachia quadrifolia L. | Whorled Loosestrife |
| Lysmachia terrestis (L.) B.S.P. | Swamp Candles (Yellow Loosestrife) |
| Lysimachia thyrsiflora L. | Tufted Loosestrife (Swamp Loosestrife) |
| Lysmachia vulgaris L. | Garden Loosestrife |
| Lythrum salicaria L. | Purple Loosestrife |
| Maianthemum racemosum (L.) Link | False Solomon's seal (Feathery False Lily of the Valley) |
| Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link | Starry False Solomon's Seal |
| Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro | Ostrich Fern |
| Medicago lupulina L. | Black Medic |
| Melilotus alba Medikus | White Sweet Clover |
| Meliotus officinalis (L.) Lam. | Yellow Sweet Clover |
| Menispermum canadense L. | Canada Moonseed (Common Moonseed) |
| Mertensia virginica (L.) Pers ex Link | Virginia Bluebells |
| Mentha x piperita L. (Prosp.) [aquatica-spicata] | Peppermint |
| Mentha arvensis L. var. canadensis | Wild Mint |
| Mirabilis nyctaginea(Michx.) MacMill. | Heart-leaved Four O'clock (Wild Four O'clock) |
| Mitchella repens L. | Partridge Berry |
| Mitella diphylla L. | Twoleaf Miterwort (Bishop's Cap) |
| Moehringia lateriflora (L.) Fenzl | Blunt-leaved Sandwort |
| Monarda fistulosa L. | Wild Bergamont |
| Monarda media Willd. | Purple Bergamot |
| Monarda punctata L. | Spotted Bee-balm (Horsemint). Historical Garden Plant - not extant |
| Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin. | Satin Grass (Mexican Muhly) |
| Muhlenbergia racemosa (Michx.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. | Muhly Grass (Marsh Muhly) |
| Myosotis scorpioides L. | True Forget-me-not |
| Nepeta cataria L. | Catnip - Historical, not extant |
| Oenothera biennis L. | Common Evening Primrose |
| Oenothera pilosella Raf. | Prairie Sundrops (Meadow Evening Primrose) |
| Oligoneuron rigidum (L.) Small var. rigidum | Stiff Goldenrod |
| Onoclea sensibilis L. | Sensitive Fern |
| Onoclea struthiopteris - see Matteuccia struthiopteris | |
| Osmorhiza longistylis (Torr.) DC. | Anise Root (Smooth Sweet Cicely) |
| Osmunda cinnamomea L. | Cinnamon Fern |
| Osmunda claytoniana L. | Interrupted Fern |
| Osmunda regalis L. | Royal Fern |
| Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) k Koch | Hophornbeam (Ironwood) |
| Oxalis dilenii Jacq. | Yellow Wood Sorrel |
| Oxalis stricta L. | Common Yellow Oxalis |
| Packera aurea (L.) A. Löve & D. Löve | Golden Ragwort |
| Packera plattensis (Nutt.) W.A.Weber & A.Löve | Prairie Ragwort |
| Panicum virgatum L. | Switch Grass |
| Parthenium integrifolium L. | Wild Quinine (American Feverfew) |
| Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. | Virginia Creeper |
| Parthenocissus vitacea (Knerr) Hitchc. | Grape Woodbine |
| Paspalum setaceum Michx. | Paspalum (Hairy Bead Grass) |
| Pediomelum argophyllum (Pursh) J. Grimes | Silvery Scurf Pea |
| Penstemon digitalis Nutt. ex Sims | Foxglove Beardtongue (Talus Slope Penstemon) |
| Penstemon grandiflorus Nutt. | Showy Beardtongue (Large Beardtongue) |
| Phalaris arundinacea L. | Reed Canary Grass |
| Philadelphus sp. | Mock Orange |
| Phleum pratense L. | Timothy |
| Phlox divaricata L. | Wild Blue Phlox |
| Phlox maculata L. | Wild Sweet William |
| Phlox paniculata L. | Garden Phlox |
| Phlox pilosa L. | Downy Phlox (Prairie Phlox) -( historical, not extant) |
| Photinia melanocarpa (Michx.) K.R. Robertson & Phipps | Black Chokeberry |
| Photinia pyrifolia Lam. | Red Chokeberry |
| Phryma leptostachya L. | Lopseed (American Lopseed) |
| Physalis heterophylla Nees | Clammy Ground Cherry |
| Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim. | Ninebark (Common Ninebark) |
| Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth. | Obedient Plant (False Dragonhead) |
| Picea abies (L.) Karst. | Norway Spruce |
| Picea glauca (Moench) Voss | White Spruce |
| Pilea pumila (L.) A.Gray | Canadian Clearweed |
| Pinus resinosa Aiton. | Red Pine (Norway Pine) |
| Pinus strobus L. | Eastern White Pine |
| Plantago major L. | Common Plantain |
| Platanthera aquilonis Sheviak | Northern Green Orchid (not extant) |
| Platanthera psycodes (L.) Lindl. | Lesser Purple Fringed Orchid (Historical, not extant) |
| Poa Compressa L. | Canada Bluegrass |
| Poa pratensis L. | Kentucky Bluegrass |
| Podophyllum peltatum L. | May Apple |
| Polemonium reptans L. | Jacob's-ladder (Greek Valerian) |
| Polygonatum biflorum (Walter) Elliot | Great Solomon's Seal (Smooth Solomon's Seal) |
| Polygonum cilinode Michx. | Fringed Black Bindweed |
| Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc. | Japanese Knotweed |
| Polygonum sagittatum L. | Arrow-leaved Tearthumb |
| Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott | Christmas Fern |
| Populus deltoides Bartram ex Marshall | Cottonwood (Plains Cottonwood) |
| Populus grandidentata Michx. | Bigtooth Aspen |
| Populus tremuloides Michx. | Quaking Aspen |
| Potentilla argentea L. | Silver Cinquefoil |
| Potentilla norvegica L. - historical, not extant | Rough Cinquefoil |
| Potentilla recta L. | Rough Fruited Cinquefoil |
| Potentilla simplex Michx. | Common Cinquefoil |
| Prenanthes alba L. | White Rattlesnake Root |
| Prunella vulgaris L. | Heal-all (Self Heal) |
| Prunus americana Marsh. | Wild Plum (American Plum) |
| Prunus pensylvanica L.f. | Pin Cherry |
| Prunus serotina Ehrh. | Black Cherry - tree |
| Prunus virginiana L. | Chokecherry |
| Ptelea trifoliata L. | Hoptree |
| Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn var. latiusculum | Bracken Fern |
| Pulsatilla nuttalliana (DC.) Spreng. | Pasque Flower - Historical, not extant |
| Pycnanthemum virginianum (L.) T. Dur. & B.D.Jackson ex B.L. Robins & Fernald. | Virginia Mountain Mint |
| Quercus alba L. | White Oak |
| Quercus bicolor Willd. | Swamp White Oak |
| Quercus ellipsoidalis E. J. Hill | Northern Pin Oak |
| Quercus macrocarpa Michx. | Bur Oak |
| Quercus rubra L. | Northern Red Oak |
| Ranunculus abortivus L. | Kidneyleaf Buttercup (Littleleaf Buttercup) |
| Ranunculus acris L. | Tall Buttercup |
| Ranunculus hispidus Michx. var nitidus | Swamp Buttercup (Bristly Buttercup, Rough Buttercup) |
| Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. | Hooked Crowfoot (Blisterwort) |
| Ranunculus sceleratus L. | Cursed Crowfoot - Not in the Garden |
| Ranunculus septentrionalis - see R. hispidus | |
| Ratibida columnifera(Nutt.) Woot. & Standl. | Long-headed Coneflower (Prairie Coneflower) |
| Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barnhart | Gray-headed Coneflower |
| Rhamnus cathartica L. | Common Buckthorn |
| Rhamnus frangula L. (Frangula alnus Mill.) | Glossy Buckthorn |
| Rhododendron calendulaceum (Michx.) Torr. | Flame Azalea |
| Rhododendron vaseyi A. Gray | Pinkshell Azalea |
| Rhus aromatica Aiton | Fragrant Sumac |
| Rhus glabra L. | Smooth Sumac |
| Rhus hirta (L.) Sudworth [Rhus typhina L. ] | Staghorn Sumac |
| Ribes americanum Mill. | American Black Currant (Wild Black Currant) |
| Ribes cynosbati L. | Eastern Prickly Gooseberry |
| Ribes missouriense Nutt. | Missouri Gooseberry |
| Ribes rubrum L. | Garden Currant |
| Robinia pseudoacacia L. | Black Locust |
| Rosa acicularlis Lindl. | Prickly Rose |
| Rosa arkansana var. suffulta | Prairie Rose (Arkansas Rose) |
| Rosa blanda Aiton | Smooth Rose |
| Rosa carolina L. | Carolina Rose (Pasture Rose) |
| Rosa setigera Michx. | Climbing Rose (Illinois Rose) |
| Rosa woodsii Lindl. | Woods' Rose |
| Rubus allegheniensis Porter | Allegheny Blackberry |
| Rubus flagellaris Willd. | Dewberry (Northern Dewberry) |
| Rubus idaeus L. | Wild Red Raspberry |
| Rubus occidentalis L. | Black Raspberry |
| Rubus parviflorus Nutt. | Thimbleberry (Flowering Raspberry) |
| Rubus pubescens Raf. | Dwarf Red Raspberry |
| Rubus semisetosus Blanch. | Swamp Blackberry |
| Rudbeckia hirta L. | Black-eyed Susan |
| Rudbeckia laciniata L. | Green-headed Coneflower (Goldenglow) |
| Rudbeckia triloba L. | Thin-leaved Coneflowr (Brown-eyed Susan) |
| Ruellia humilis Nutt. | Fringeleaf Wild Petunia |
| Rumex crispus L. | Curly Dock |
| Sagittaria latifolia Willd. | Broadleaf Arrowhead |
| Salix discolor Muhl. | Pussy Willow |
| Salix humilis Marshall | Prairie Willow |
| Salix nigra Marshall | Black Willow - Historical, not extant |
| Sambucus nigra L. ssp. canadensis (L.) R. Bolli | Canada Elderberry (American Black Elderberry) |
| Sambucus racemosa L. | Red Elderberry ( Red-berried Elder) |
| Sanguinaria canadensis L. | Bloodroot |
| Saponaria officinalis L. | Bouncing Bet (Soapwort) |
| Saxifraga pensylvanica L. | Eastern Swamp Saxifrage |
| Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash var. scoparium | Little Bluestem |
| Scilla siberica Haw. | Blue Squill (Siberian Squill) |
| Scirpus atrovirens Willd. | Dark Green Bulrush |
| Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh. | Lanceleaf Figwort |
| Scutellaria galericulata L. | Marsh Skullcap |
| Scutellaria lateriflora L. | Mad-dog Skullcap |
| Sedum telephium - see Hylotelephium telephium L. | Live Forever |
| Senecio aureus see Packera aurea L. | Golden Ragwort |
| Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. ssp. pumila | Yellow Foxtail |
| Silene latifolia Poir. | White Campion - Historical, not extant |
| Silene stellata (L.) W.T. Aiton | Starry Campion (Widow's Frill) Historical, not extant |
| Silphium integrifolium Michx. | Wholeleaf Rosinweed (Rosin-weed) |
| Silphium laciniatum L. | Compass Plant |
| Silphium perfoliatum L. | Cup Plant |
| Silphium terebinthinaceum Jacq. | Prairie Dock (Prairie Rosinweed) |
| Smilacina racemosa see Maianthemum racemosum (L.) Link ssp. racemosum | False Solomon's-seal |
| Smilax herbacea L. | Carrion Flower |
| Smilax rotundifolia L. | Roundleaf Greenbriar- Historical, not extant |
| Smilax tamnoides L. | Catbrier (Bristly Greenbrier) |
| Solanum dulcamara L. | Climbing Nightshade (Bittersweet Nightshade) |
| Solanum nigrum L. | Black Nightshade |
| Solidago canadensis (L.) var. scabra Torr. & Gray | Canada Goldenrod |
| Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. ex Willd. | Elm-leaved Goldenrod |
| Solidago flexicaulis L. | Zigzag Goldenrod |
| Solidago gigantea Aiton | Late Goldenrod (Giant Goldenrod) |
| Solidago graminifolia L. see Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. var. graminifolia | Grass-leaved Goldenrod |
| Solidago nemoralis Aiton. | Gray Goldenrod (Old Field Goldenrod) |
| Solidago rigida - see Oligoneuron rigidum L. | Stiff Goldenrod |
| Solidago speciosa Nutt. | Showy Goldenrod |
| Sonchus arvensis L. | Field Sow Thistle - Not a Garden plant. |
| Sonchus asper (L.) Hill | Spiny Sow Thistle |
| Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash | Indian Grass |
| Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. | Broadleaf Burweed |
| Spartina pectinata Bosc. ex Link. | Prairie Cordgrass |
| Stachys palustris L. | Marsh Hedge-nettle - Historical, not extant |
| Staphylea trifolia L. | American Bladdernut |
| Stellaria longifolia Muhl. ex Willd. | Long-leaved Chickweed (Long-leaved Stichwort) |
| Stellaria pubera Michx. | Star Chickweed |
| Strophostyles helvola (L.) Elliott | Amberique Bean (Trailing Wild Bean) |
| Stylophorum diphyllum (Michx.) Nutt. | Wood Poppy (Celandine Poppy) |
| Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake | Snowberry |
| Symphoricarpos occidentalis Hook. | Wolfberry |
| Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench | Coralberry |
| Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) G.L. Nesom | Heart-leaved Aster (Common Blue Wood Aster) |
| White Heath Aster (Many-flowered Aster) | |
| Symphyotrichum laeve var. laeve (L.) A. Löve & D. Löve | Smooth Blue Aster |
| Symphyotrichum lanceolatum var. lanceolatum (Willd.) Nesom | White Panicle Aster |
| Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) A. Love & D. Love | Side-flowering Aster (Calico Aster) |
| Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) Nesom | New England Aster |
| Symphyotrichum oblongifolium (Nutt.) G.L.Nesom | Aromatic Aster - Historical, not extant |
| Symphyotrichum oolentangiense (Riddell) G.L. Nesom var. oolentangiense | Sky Blue Aster (Azure Aster) |
| Symphyotrichum ontarionis (Wiegand) G.L. Nesom | Ontario Aster |
| Symphyotrichum puniceum (L.) A. Löve & D. Löve | Redstem Aster & Purple-stemmed Aster |
| Symphyotrichum sericeum (Vent.) G.L. Nesom | Silky Aster (Western Silver Aster) |
| Symphyotrichum urophyllum (Lindl.) G.L. Nesom | White Arrowleaf Aster |
| Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt. | Skunk Cabbage |
| Teucrium canadense L. | Canada Germander (American Germander, Wood Sage) |
| Thalictrum dioicum L. | Early Meadow Rue |
| Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch & Ave-Lall. | Tall Meadow Rue (Purple Meadow Rue) |
| Thalictrum thalictroides (L.) Eames & B. Boivin | Rue Anemone |
| Thuja occidentalis L. | Northern White Cedar |
| Tiarella cordifolia L. | Foamflower (Heartleaf Foamflower) |
| Tilia americana L. | American Basswood |
| Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. | Japanese Hedge Parsley - Not a Garden Plant |
| Toxicodendron rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) Greene | Western Poison Ivy |
| Tradescantia bracteata Small | Spiderwort (Bracted Spiderwort) |
| Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. | Bluejacket (Ohio Spiderwort) |
| Tragopogon dubius Scop. | Meadow Goatsbeard (Yellow Salsify) |
| Tragopogon pratensis L. [Old - Tragopogon lamottei Rouy] | Yellow Goatsbeard (Goatsbeard) |
| Trifolium pratense L. | Red Clover |
| Trifolium repens L. | White Clover |
| Triglochin palustris L. | Arrowgrass |
| Trillium cernuum L. | Nodding Trillium |
| Trillium cuneatum Raf. | Sweet Betsy |
| Trillium erectum L. | Purple Trillium |
| Trillium flexipes Raf. | Drooping Trillium (Nodding Wakerobin, Declining Trillium) |
| Trillium grandiflorum (Michx) Salisb. | Large-flowered Trillium (White Trillium) |
| Trillium luteum (Muhl.) Harbison | Yellow Trillium (Yellow wakerobin) |
| Trillium nivale Riddell | Snow Trillium |
| Trillium recurvatum Beck | Prairie Trillium |
| Trillium sulcatum Patrick | Red Trillium |
| Trillium sessile L. | Toadshade (Sessile Trillium) |
| Trientalis borealis Raf. | Starflower |
| Triosteum aurantiacum E.P. Bicknell | Horse Gentian (Orangefruit Horse Gentian) |
| Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière | Eastern Hemlock |
| Typha angustifolia L. | Narrow-leaved Cattail |
| Typha latifolia L. | Common Cattail |
| Ulmus americana L. | American Elm |
| Urtica dioica L. | Stinging Nettle (California Nettle) |
| Uvularia grandiflora Sm. | Large-flowered Bellwort |
| Uvularia sessilifolia L. | Wild Oats (Sissileleaf Bellwort) |
| Verbena hastata L. | Blue Vervain (Swamp Vervain) |
| Verbena stricta L. | Hoary Vervain |
| Verbena urticifolia L. | White Vervain |
| Verbascum thapsus L. | Common Mullein |
| Vernonia fasciculata Michx. | Ironweed (Prairie Ironweed) |
| Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw. | Culver's Root |
| Viburnum dentatum L. | Southern Arrowwood |
| Viburnum lentago L. | Nannyberry |
| Viburnum opulus L. var. americanum Aiton. | Highbush Cranberry (American Cranberrybush) |
| Viburnum opulus L. var. opulus | European Cranberrybush |
| Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd. | American Vetch |
| Vinca minor L. | Common Periwinkle (Running Myrtle) |
| Viola canadensis L. | Canada Violet (Canadian White Violet) |
| Viola pedatifida G. Don | Prairie Birdsfoot Violet |
| Viola pubescens Aiton | Downy Yellow Violet |
| Viola sagittata Aiton | Arrowleaf Violet |
| Viola sororia Willd. (Viola papilionacea) | Common Blue Violet, (Wooly Blue Violet) |
| Vitis riparia Michx. | Riverbank Grape |
| Zizia aurea (L.) W.D.J. Koch | Golden Alexanders (Golden Zizia) |
| Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill. | Prickly-ash |
For References used on the plant pages see: |
Reference List |
| The complete Vascular Plant Census -2009, created by the Minneapolis Park & Recreation Board | Download as a pdf file (2.4 mb) |
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